01488nas a2200121   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042100001300054700001700067245008000084490001200164520119000176       2019                            d  c06/20191 aHuibo Bi1 aErol Gelenbe00aA Survey of Algorithms and Systems for Evacuating People in Confined Spaces0 v vol. 83 a<p>The frequency, destruction and costs of natural and human-made disasters in modern<br />
highly-populated societies have resulted in research on emergency evacuation and wayfinding, which<br />
has drawn considerable attention. The subject is now a multidisciplinary area of research where<br />
information and communication technologies (ICT), and in particular the Internet of Things (IoT),<br />
have a significant impact on sensing and computing dynamic reactions that mitigate or prevent<br />
the worst outcomes of disasters. This paper offers state-of-the-art knowledge in this area so as to<br />
share ongoing research results, identify the research gaps and address the need for future research.<br />
We present a comprehensive review of research on emergency evacuation and wayfinding, focusing<br />
on the algorithmic and system design aspects. Starting from the history of emergency management<br />
research, we identify the emerging challenges concerning system optimisation, evacuee behaviour<br />
optimisation and data analysis, and the additional energy consumption by ICT equipment that<br />
operates the emergency management infrastructure.</p>