@article{bibcite_15225,
  author = {Jadwiga W{\'o}jkowska-Mach and T. Allen Merritt and Maria Borszewska-Kornacka and Joanna Doma{\'n}ska and Ewa Gulczy{\'n}ska and Marek Nowiczewski and Ewa Helwich and Agnieszka Kordek and Dorota Pawlik and Pawe{\l} Adamski},
  title = {Device-associated pneumonia of very low birth weight infants in Polish Neonatal Intensive Care Units},
  abstract = {<p>AbstractPurpose Late-Onset Pneumonia (LO-PNEU) is still the most important complication associated with the hospitalization of infants with very low birth weight (\&lt;1501 g). The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of an ongoing surveillance program defining LO-PNEU as associated or not associated with respiratory support in the \{NICU\} and distribution of causative pathogens from the Polish Neonatology Surveillance Network (PNSN). Materials and methods Surveillance of infections was conducted in the years 2009{\textendash}2011 at six Polish NICUs. Results The incidence was 3.1/1000 \{NICU\} patient days (pds). The mean gestational age and birth weight among infants with LO-PNEU were significantly lower. The \{VAP\} incidence was of 18.2/1000 \{NICU\} pds for mechanically ventilated (MV) infants, while the rates for those receiving only \{CPAP\} were as low as 7.7/1000 \{NICU\} pds. \{MV\} significantly increased the risk of PNEU, but \{MV\} or \{CPAP\} for \&lt;10 days did not increase the risk of LO-PNEU. Significantly associated with LO-PNEU was the use of central or peripheral venous catheters and total parenteral nutrition for longer periods. Microorganisms isolated in cases of LO-PNEU were Gram-positive cocci (53.5\%) and Gram-negative rods, with predominating E. coli. Non fermentative bacilli were significantly more frequent in cases of \{VAP\} than in other cases. Conclusions Observed incidence rates associated with \{VAP\} and CPAP-PNEU, were higher than in other national surveillance systems and expressing the feasibility of lowering the risk of LO-PNEU and increasing patient safety. The incidence of pneumonia was found to be lower when using \{CPAP\} as compared to using MV.</p>
},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Advances in Medical Sciences},
  volume = {61},
  pages = {90 - 95},
  issn = {1896-1126},
  url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1896112615000498},
  doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2015.09.002},
  language = {eng},
}